Main Problems of Occupational Hygiene in Agriculture

Abstract

Agriculture was, is and will be a strategic support for the state, therefore the problems of attracting the working part of the population to rural areas are decisive. Together with the romance of village life, industrialization makes its negative adjustments to the agricultural sector. Unlike industry, agriculture also lives by biological laws. Here, the main means of production are land and living organisms - plants and animals. The labor activity of workers in the plant growing industry is characterized by the fact that most of the main types of work are carried out outdoors most of the year. At the same time, workers are constantly exposed to a set of meteorological factors, the intensity of which is determined by the climatic zone, season and weather conditions. In addition to the undeniable advantages, the mechanization of processes also reveals disadvantages that can destroy human health. The hygienic feature of the work of livestock breeders also consists in the potential possibility of the occurrence of diseases transmitted from animals to humans. With the transfer of livestock farming to an industrial basis and the use of biological preparations (antibiotics, fodder yeast, protein-vitamin concentrates, amino acids, vitamins), new types of occupational pathology have emerged, caused by the effects of both biological preparations used as feed additives and microorganisms, including spores of some thermophilic actinomycetes. In general, agricultural hygiene as a science is aimed at studying the effects on the human body of environmental factors and labor processes characteristic of agricultural production, and develops measures to improve working conditions necessary to maintain and strengthen the health of workers.