Assessment of the Chronic Exposure to Airborne Pollutant Particles on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Pulmonary Function in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Chronic exposure to airborne pollutant particles contributes to the progression of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) by altering inflammatory biomarkers and impairing pulmonary function. Despite growing concern, the long-term effects of such exposure on systemic inflammation in CRD patients remain underexplored. This study employed a panel design with spirometry and biomarker assays to assess the relationship between airborne pollutants and pulmonary health among CRD patients across varied geographic exposures. Findings revealed statistically significant associations between pollutant concentrations (PM2.5, NO₂, CO, SO₂) and elevated inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, ICAM-1), alongside a decline in FEV1 and FVC measurements. The results underscore the role of pollutants in exacerbating airway inflammation and suggest that specific biomarkers may serve as clinical indicators for pollutant-induced respiratory decline. These findings have direct implications for public health policy and air quality regulation in urban and industrial regions.