Productivity and Economic Efficiency of Soybean Production Under Different Fertilization Methods in the Soil and Climatic Conditions of the Southern Region of Uzbekistan

This article investigates the productivity and economic efficiency of soybean production under different fertilization methods in the soil and climatic conditions of the southern region of Uzbekistan. The study focuses on evaluating the effects of mineral, organic, and combined fertilization systems on soybean growth, development, yield formation, and production efficiency. Particular attention is given to the relationship between fertilizer application methods, soil fertility, climatic conditions, and the biological productivity of soybean crops. The research evaluates key production indicators, including plant growth characteristics, number of pods, seed yield, and yield per unit area, as well as economic indicators such as production costs, gross income, net profit, and profitability level. The results indicate that the appropriate selection and balanced application of fertilizers can significantly improve soybean productivity while contributing to more efficient use of production resources. The study also demonstrates that fertilization practices adapted to the specific soil and climatic conditions of southern Uzbekistan can increase the economic returns of soybean cultivation and strengthen the sustainability of crop production. The findings provide practical recommendations for improving soybean cultivation technologies, optimizing fertilizer use, reducing unnecessary production costs, and increasing the profitability and competitiveness of soybean production in the region.