Understanding the Role of MicroRNA in Predictive Biomarker Identification for Breast Cancer

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of regulatory molecules that oversees gene expression and various processes. The RNA polymerase II enzyme regulates the transcription of miRNA genes, whereas miRNA biogenesis involves a diverse array of proteins or enzymes. Cellular cycle regulation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation are all influenced by mutations in malignant cells. When oncogenic miRNA is present, apoptosis is typically inhibited and aberrant cell proliferation occurs. miRNAs can either promote or inhibit tumour growth; their functions are opposed. The predominant observation during tumorigenesis is the concurrent upregulation of oncogenic miRNA and downregulation of tumour suppressors. The miRNA can degrade the target mRNA by inhibiting translation or utilising a slicer known as argonaute protein (Ago). Its interference with cellular activities can positively or negatively influence the regulation of breast tumour formation by miRNA. Therefore, miRNA exhibits substantial potential as a biomarker in the surveillance of breast cancer. The therapeutic delivery of tumour suppressor miRNAs to a cancer patient may facilitate the patient's recovery. These therapies are regulated either positively or negatively by distinct miRNAs. This review focuses primarily on the function of microRNAs in breast cancer, as well as their mechanisms and various treatments. MiRNA biogenesis and the various miRNAs implicated in breast cancer are also covered. This research aims to identify how microRNA molecules are expressed as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and detection of breast cancer.