Evaluation of the Anatomical and Optical Characteristics of the Eye in the Clinical Course of Congenital Myopia

Abstract

Evaluation of morphofunctional parameters of the visual analyzer with an increase in the length of the anterior-posterior axis (APA) of the eye in patients with myopia.

Materials and methods: The study included 36 patients (71 eyes). All patients in the study were divided into 4 groups according to the size of the anterior-posterior axis of the eyeball. The first group consisted of patients with mild myopia and an axial length of 23.81 to 25.0 mm; the second - patients with moderate myopia and an axial length of 25.01 to 26.5 mm; the third - patients with high myopia, an axial length value of more than 26.51 mm; the fourth group - patients with refraction close to emmetropic and an axial length of 22.2 to 23.8 mm. In addition to a standard ophthalmological examination, the following diagnostic complex was performed on the patients: echobiometry, determination of the optical density of the macular pigment (ODMP), digital photography of the fundus, optical coherence tomography of the anterior and posterior segments of the eyeball.

Results: The average age of the patients was 47.3±13.9 years. During the statistical processing of the obtained results of the studied parameters, a decrease was noted in some of them with an increase in axial length: maximum corrected visual acuity (p=0.01), sensitivity in the infraorbital region (p=0.008), average retinal thickness in the infraorbital region (p=0.01), average in the choroidal and nasal sectors p=0.05. 03). In addition, a significant statistically reliable inverse correlation was found between PZO and (BCVA) -0.4 in all groups of subjects; also, the thickness of the infraorbital region was 0.6; choroidal thickness in the infraorbital region -0.5 and sensitivity -0.6; (p<0.05).

Conclusion: A detailed analysis of the obtained average values of the studied parameters revealed a general tendency to decrease in the morphofunctional indicators of the eyeball with increasing AOV in the groups. Correlation data obtained from the clinical test indicate a close relationship between the morphometric and functional parameters of the visual analyzer.