Lemon and Pomegranate Juices as Natural Inhibitors of srtA Gene Expression and Biofilm Formation in Clinical and Environmental Staphylococci

This study was conducted to examine the antibacterial and antivirulence effect of lemon juice and pomegranate juice on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Sortase A (SrtA) gene expression change, biofilm formation assay, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used for inhibition kinetics grading. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) also was performed to see presence of useful groups in organic activities. Based on the results, both juices resulted in strong bactericidal activity, such that pomegranate juice exhibits greater inhibition than lemon juice. S. haemolyticus was converted to a more sensitive phenotype than S. aureus, suggesting that susceptibility is different for certain bacterial species. The biofilm production of both extracts decreased significantly based on decreased optical density and almost negative biofilm phenotype. Also, gene expression analysis (SrtA) revealed a significant reduction in gene expression, indicating its significance in important adherence and biofilm processes. The presence of biologically viable purpose-built companies was investigated by means of FTIR assessment. These clusters interact with bacterial cell systems and the gene alters the pathways to provide the biological results that have been observed. In conclusion, lemon and pomegranate juices showed potent bactericidal and antivirulence habitat by inhibiting biofilm formation and suppressing SrtA gene expression These effects imply that they may provide ability herbal sources to be used within improving adjuvant treatment strategies in contrast to Staphylococcal infections.