The Prevalence of Breast Cancer an Iraq and its Associated Risk Factors and Challenges in Early Detection (Article Review)

Breast cancer is a serious health issue for females in Iraq as it remains the most common form of cancer among women in Iraq. The most recent epidemiological information has indicated a major rise in the rates of breast cancer over recent decades, particularly among women diagnosed before 50 years of age. The emergence of breast cancer is the outcome of various factors relating to genetics, reproduction, hormones, demographics, and lifestyle. Studies that have been conducted in Iraq have found different associations relating to family history, obesity, smoking, reproductive history, and other social and lifestyle factors. Despite the growing capacities of breast cancer diagnosis, delayed diagnosis of the disease remains a serious challenge for Iraq. Low level of awareness regarding breast cancer symptoms, lack of engagement in the screening process, financial concerns, access to healthcare services, and socio-cultural aspects are the reasons for delayed diagnosis. Mammography continues to be an essential screening tool in breast cancer detection, while ultrasound, MRI, physical examination, and histopathological analysis play an additional role in breast cancer diagnosis. New studies in Iraq have revealed differences with respect to clinical and molecular aspects, such as hormone status or molecular shapes. In order to achieve early detection, it is vital to raise awareness about and properly assess breast symptoms, use imaging efficiently, and refer individuals early on for the right tests and treatment. It is of paramount importance to enhance cancer registration and conduct population-based research to fully grasp regional differences and trends. As a result, the increase in early detection will lead to fewer obstacles in receiving a diagnosis.