Corn Plant Zea Mays L. Involving with Fusarium Fungal Pathogen and its Main Mycotoxin Effect

Commonest of fungal infection involving of maize is Fusarium which is taken from infected maize in kut, doboni, nomania sheieksad, Samples was collected during the period of spring about 134 isolates belonging to different types of Fusarium that involving maize plants with determine ability of isolates to produce mycotoxin as a virulence factors. The result of our study revealed that F.culmorum and F.gramenrium are most common types in maize plant disease from total collected samples with percentage of 34% and 22% respectively. Depending on morphological and microscopical appearance with polymerase chain reaction study using specific primers showing that most of Fusarium isolates in our study produced trichothecene toxin were 76% of isolate give positive result and 24% give negative result as not producing toxin were 55% of positive isolate producing NIV while 45% producing DON toxin. Both types including F.gramenrium and F.culmorum showing highest result of toxin producing sample comparing to other types with percentage of 100% and 91% respectively indicating to significant pathogenicity on maize plant while all isolate of F.solani unable to producing trichothecene toxin related to lack of the Tri5 gene required for biosynthesis of trichothecene.