Emerging Viral Infections in Humans: a Review of Recent and Most Notable Cases

Abstract

Emerging viral infections pose a significant threat to global health, often resulting in widespread epidemics and pandemics. This review identifies key knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms of viral emergence, transmission dynamics, and control strategies. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing past and recent outbreaks, including Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19. Findings reveal that environmental changes, globalization, and zoonotic spillovers contribute to the increasing frequency of emerging viruses. The results underscore the necessity for robust surveillance systems, early detection, and rapid response strategies to mitigate future outbreaks. The study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and proactive measures in strengthening global preparedness for viral threats.