A Clinical Observational Study of the Impact of Hyperthyroidism on Female Fertility and Maternal Weight during Pregnancy

Abstract

Background: Hyperthyroidism is known to influence several physiological systems, particularly in women of reproductive age. Its impact on fertility, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and fetal outcomes remains a subject of clinical concern. Objective: To investigate the effect of hyperthyroidism on female fertility, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and fetal birth weight. Methods: This observational study included 30 pregnant women diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and 20 healthy pregnant women as a control group. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records. Variables assessed included maternal weight gain during pregnancy and fertility/pregnancy rate. Statistical analysis was performed using means ± standard deviations and comparative tests. Results: The hyperthyroid group showed significantly reduced maternal weight gain during pregnancy (288a ± 1.03) compared to the control group (209d ± 0.980), (p < 0.05). A marked decline in fertility/pregnancy rate was also noted in hyperthyroid women (3.2b ± 0.611) versus healthy controls (8.3a±0.153) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism in women has a substantial negative effect on fertility and weight gain during pregnancy, which may further impact fetal health. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.