Optimization of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Concomitant Exotropia with a Vertical Component

Authors

  • Abdullaeva Dilorom Rustamovna Department of Ophthalmology, Samarkand State Medical University

Keywords:

Concomitant exotropia, vertical strabismus, diagnosis, strabismus surgery, orthoptic therapy

Abstract

Concomitant exotropia with a vertical component is a complex form of strabismus that poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This article explores optimized approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this type of strabismus. Emphasis is placed on comprehensive clinical assessment, the role of imaging, modern surgical techniques, and rehabilitation protocols. Preventive strategies, especially in early childhood, are also discussed. The integration of orthoptic therapy with surgical management and long-term follow-up is critical in achieving optimal ocular alignment and visual function.

References

Kushner, B. J. (2008). Strabismus: Practical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management. Springer.

Wright, K. W., & Spiegel, P. H. (2013). Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Oxford University Press.

von Noorden, G. K., & Campos, E. C. (2002). Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility: Theory and Management of Strabismus (6th ed.). Mosby.

Simons, K. (2005). Amblyopia characterization, treatment, and prophylaxis. Survey of Ophthalmology, 50(2), 123–166.

Kocak-Altintas, A. G., et al. (2003). Evaluation of surgical outcomes in strabismus with vertical component. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus, 40(1), 20–26.

Campos, E. C. (2003). Clinical assessment of binocular function and strabismus. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, 14(5), 318–322.

Holmes, J. M., et al. (2011). Long-term outcomes in children treated for intermittent exotropia. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 151(6), 1068–1074.

Choi, M. Y., & Kushner, B. J. (2011). The role of oblique muscle surgery in strabismus with vertical deviations. Archives of Ophthalmology, 129(9), 1181–1186.

Louwagie, C. R., & Diehl, N. N. (2009). Long-term surgical outcomes in children with strabismus. Journal of AAPOS, 13(2), 123–128.

Mims, J. L., & Wood, R. C. (2002). The role of orthoptics and vision therapy after strabismus surgery. American Orthoptic Journal, 52(1), 45–52.

Helveston, E. M. (1993). Surgical management of strabismus: A critical review. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society, 91, 729–838.

Repka, M. X. (2007). Eye alignment and sensory outcomes after surgery for childhood exotropia. Archives of Ophthalmology, 125(3), 369–375.

Donahue, S. P., & Neely, D. E. (2006). Parental understanding and response to early signs of strabismus. Journal of AAPOS, 10(2), 130–134.

Rosenbaum, A. L., & Santiago, A. P. (1999). Clinical Strabismus Management: Principles and Surgical Techniques. Saunders.

Rutstein, R. P., & Daum, K. M. (2007). Anomalies of Binocular Vision: Diagnosis and Management. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Downloads

Published

2025-05-24

How to Cite

Rustamovna, A. D. (2025). Optimization of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Concomitant Exotropia with a Vertical Component. American Journal of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, 2(5), 205–211. Retrieved from https://biojournals.us/index.php/AJBP/article/view/1016

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.