Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Modern Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Despite its high prevalence, PCOS remains underdiagnosed and inconsistently treated due to heterogeneity in clinical presentation and evolving diagnostic criteria. Traditional approaches often overlook metabolic implications and individualized care needs.This article addresses the knowledge gap surrounding current diagnostic frameworks and therapeutic strategies by reviewing recent literature and clinical guidelines. A comprehensive analysis of diagnostic methods—ranging from the Rotterdam Criteria to advancements in biochemical and imaging markers—is presented. In addition, the study evaluates modern treatment modalities including lifestyle interventions, pharmacological options (e.g., insulin sensitizers, hormonal therapy), and emerging therapies such as inositols and GLP-1 receptor agonists.Findings suggest a shift toward a more personalized and multidisciplinary approach, incorporating both reproductive and metabolic risk factors. The results highlight the need for early detection strategies, improved patient stratification, and integration of psychological support in management plans.These insights have significant implications for clinical practice, emphasizing a redefined diagnostic protocol and holistic care models. Future research should focus on long-term outcomes and optimizing therapeutic combinations tailored to individual phenotypes.